Author(s):
Prerana S. Pawar, Sushant M. Ahire, Vijay V. Shewale, Shivraj Jadhav, Sunil K. Mahajan, Dipak D. Sonawane
Email(s):
preranapawar959@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0975-4377.2025.00039 
Address:
Prerana S. Pawar1*, Sushant M. Ahire2, Vijay V. Shewale3, Shivraj Jadhav4, Sunil K. Mahajan5, Dipak D. Sonawane6
1,4,6Department of Pharmaceutics, Divine College of Pharmacy, Satana, Nashik.
2,5Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Divine College of Pharmacy, Satana, Nashik.
3Department of Pharmacognosy, Divine College of Pharmacy Satana, Nashik.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 17,
Issue - 4,
Year - 2025
ABSTRACT:
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are tiny particles of silver, typically measuring between 1 and 100 nanometers. Their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties have led to their widespread use in various fields, including medicine, electronics, textiles, and environmental science. one of the most remarkable features of AgNPs is their strong antimicrobial activity, which allows them to effectively combat a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This property has been utilized in medical products such as wound dressings, coatings for medical devices, and water purification systems. Beyond their antimicrobial capabilities, AgNPs possess notable optical, electrical, and catalytic properties, making them valuable in the development of biosensors, conductive materials, and catalysts for various industrial processes. the synthesis of silver nanoparticles can be achieved through physical, chemical, and biological (green) methods. Physical methods, such as laser ablation and evaporation-condensation, often require sophisticated equipment and significant energy input. Chemical methods, particularly chemical reduction, are widely used due to their simplicity and efficiency but may involve toxic reagents. In contrast, biological methods utilize natural sources like plant extracts, bacteria, and fungi to produce AgNPs in an eco-friendly manner, reducing the reliance on hazardous chemicals.
Cite this article:
Prerana S. Pawar, Sushant M. Ahire, Vijay V. Shewale, Shivraj Jadhav, Sunil K. Mahajan, Dipak D. Sonawane. Silver Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis, Properties and Applications. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2025; 17(4):279-5. doi: 10.52711/0975-4377.2025.00039
Cite(Electronic):
Prerana S. Pawar, Sushant M. Ahire, Vijay V. Shewale, Shivraj Jadhav, Sunil K. Mahajan, Dipak D. Sonawane. Silver Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis, Properties and Applications. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2025; 17(4):279-5. doi: 10.52711/0975-4377.2025.00039 Available on: https://www.rjpdft.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2025-17-4-9
REFERENCES:
1. Zahoor, M., Nazir, N., Iftikhar, M., Naz, S., Zekker, I., Burlakovs, J., Uddin, F., Kamran, A. W., Kallistova, A., Pimenov, N., and Ali Khan, F. A Review on Silver Nanoparticles: Classification, Various Methods of Synthesis, and Their Potential Roles in Biomedical Applications and Water Treatment. Water. 2021; 13(16): 2216
2. Lorraine Mulfinger, Sally D. Solomon, Mozghan Bahadory, Aravindan V. Jeyarajasingam, Susan A. Rutkowsky, and Charles Boritz Journal of Chemical Education. 2007; 84(2): 322
3. Hemalatha, P., and Premnath, A. Study on silver nanoparticle encapsulated curcumin for anticancer activity. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2016; 5: 958-973.
4. Mulfinger L., Solomon S. D., Bahadory M., Jeyarajasingam A. V., Rutkowsky S. A., and Boritz C., Synthesis and study of silver nanoparticles, Journal of Chemical Education. 2007; 84(2).
5. Iravani S, Korbekandi H, Mirmohammadi SV, Zolfaghari B. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles: chemical, physical and biological methods. Res Pharm Sci. 2014; 9(6): 385-406. PMID: 26339255; PMCID: PMC4326978.
6. Gudikandula, K., and Charya Maringanti, S. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical and biological methods and their antimicrobial properties. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience. 2016; 11(9): 714–721.
7. Xu L, Wang YY, Huang J, Chen CY, Wang ZX, Xie H. Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, medical applications and biosafety. Theranostics. 2020 Jul 11; 10(20): 8996-9031.
8. Lee SH, Jun BH. Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Application for Nanomedicine. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Feb 17;20(4):865.
9. Ratti M, Naddeo JJ, Griepenburg JC, O'Malley SM, Bubb DM, Klein EA. Production of Metal Nanoparticles by Pulsed Laser-ablation in Liquids: A Tool for Studying the Antibacterial Properties of Nanoparticles. J Vis Exp. 2017 Jun 2; 124: 55416.
10. Reza Sadrolhosseini, A., Adzir Mahdi, M., Alizadeh, F., and Abdul Rashid, S. Laser Ablation Technique for Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticle in Liquid. IntechOpen. 2019
11. Sportelli MC, Izzi M, Volpe A, Clemente M, Picca RA, Ancona A, Lugarà PM, Palazzo G, Cioffi N. The Pros and Cons of the Use of Laser Ablation Synthesis for the Production of Silver Nano-Antimicrobials. Antibiotics (Basel). 2018 Jul 28;7(3):67.
12. Égerházi, L., and Szörényi, T. The Potential of Wire Explosion in Nanoparticle Production in Terms of Reproducibility. Materials. 2024; 17(14): 3450.
13. Abbas, R., Luo, J., Qi, X., Naz, A., Khan, I. A., Liu, H., Yu, S., and Wei, J. Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications. Nanomaterials. 2024; 14(17): 1425.
14. More PR, Pandit S, Filippis A, Franci G, Mijakovic I, Galdiero M. Silver Nanoparticles: Bactericidal and Mechanistic Approach against Drug Resistant Pathogens. Microorganisms. 2023 Feb 1; 11(2): 369.
15. Nguyen, N. P. U., Dang, N. T., Doan, L., and Nguyen, T. T. H. Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: From Conventional to ‘Modern’ Methods—A Review. Processes. 2023; 11(9): 2617.
16. Hayelom Dargo Beyene, Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh, Hailemariam Kassa Bezabh, Tekilt Gebregergs Ambaye, Synthesis paradigm and applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), a review, Sustainable Materials and Technologies. 2017; 13: 18-23.
17. Tartaro, G., Mateos, H., Schirone, D., Angelico, R., and Palazzo, G. Microemulsion Microstructure(s): A Tutorial Review. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(9): 1657.
18. Hussain, T., and Batool, R. Microemulsion Route for the Synthesis of Nano-Structured Catalytic Materials. InTech. 2017
19. Ahmad, A., Haneef, M., Ahmad, N., Kamal, A., Jaswani, S., and Khan, F. Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their medical applications (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal. 2024; 6: 22.
20. Anita Dhaka, Suresh Chand Mali, Sheetal Sharma, Rohini Trivedi, A review on biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their potential applications, Results in Chemistry. 2023; 6: 101-108.
21. Deeksha Chugh, V.S. Viswamalya, Bannhi Das, Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with algae and the importance of capping agents in the process, Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 2021; 19(1): 126.
22. Duman, H., Eker, F., Akdaşçi, E., Witkowska, A. M., Bechelany, M., and Karav, S. Silver Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review of Synthesis Methods and Chemical and Physical Properties. Nanomaterials. 2024; 14(18): 1527.
23. Almatroudi A. Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterisation and biomedical applications. Open Life Sci. 2020; 15(1): 819-839.
24. T. Galatage, S., S. Hebalkar, A., V. Dhobale, S., R. Mali, O., S. Kumbhar, P., V. Nikade, S., and G. Killedar, S. Silver Nanoparticles: Properties, Synthesis, Characterization, Applications and Future Trends. IntechOpen. 2021
25. Zhang, X. F., Liu, Z. G., Shen, W., and Gurunathan, S. Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, Applications, and Therapeutic Approaches. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(9).
26. Krishnan PD, Banas D, Durai RD, Kabanov D, Hosnedlova B, Kepinska M, Fernandez C, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Nguyen HV, Farid A, Sochor J, Narayanan VHB, Kizek R. Silver Nanomaterials for Wound Dressing Applications. Pharmaceutics. 2020 Aug 28; 12(9): 821.
27. F. Moradifar, N. Sepahdoost, P. Tavakoli, A. Mirzapoor, Multi-functional dressings for recovery and screenable treatment of wounds: A review. Heliyon. 2025; 11(1): e41465.
28. Ferdous Z, Nemmar A. Health Impact of Silver Nanoparticles: A Review of the Biodistribution and Toxicity Following Various Routes of Exposure. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Mar 30; 21(7): 2375.
29. Sujoy Das, Krishnan Bandyopadhyay, M.M. Ghosh, Effect of stabilizer concentration on the size of silver nanoparticles synthesized through chemical route. Inorganic Chemistry Communications. 2021; 123.
30. Rangasamy, G., and Vo, D. V. N. Innovative eco-friendly silver nanoparticles: various synthesis methods, characterization and prospective applications. Chemical Engineering Communications. 2024; 212(3): 472–507.
31. McNeilly O, Mann R, Hamidian M, Gunawan C. Emerging Concern for Silver Nanoparticle Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Other Bacteria. Front Microbiol. 2021 Apr 16; 12: 652863.
32. Zhuoran Wu, Brian Chan, Jessalyn Low, Justin Jang Hann Chu, Hwee Weng Dennis Hey, Andy Tay, Microbial resistance to nanotechnologies: An important but understudied consideration using antimicrobial nanotechnologies in orthopaedic implants. Bioactive Materials. 2022; 16: 249-270.
33. Jain AS, Pawar PS, Sarkar A, Junnuthula V, Dyawanapelly S. Bionanofactories for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Toward Antimicrobial Applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 5; 22(21): 11993. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111993.